NACA is capable, by rapid extension and expansion of its effort, of providing leadership in space technology. It is accordingly proposed that the scientific research be the responsibility of a national civilian agency. It is of great urgency and importance to our country both from consideration of our prestige as a nation as well as military necessity that this challenge be met by an energetic program of research and development for the conquest of space. On January 14, 1958, NACA Director Hugh Dryden published "A National Research Program for Space Technology," stating, On January 12, 1958, NACA organized a "Special Committee on Space Technology," headed by Guyford Stever. The result was a consensus that the White House forged among key interest groups, including scientists committed to basic research the Pentagon which had to match the Soviet military achievement corporate America looking for new business and a strong new trend in public opinion looking up to space exploration. Eisenhower counseled more deliberate measures.
The US Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to national security and technological leadership (known as the " Sputnik crisis"), urged immediate and swift action President Dwight D. After the Soviet space program's launch of the world's first artificial satellite ( Sputnik 1) on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch an artificial satellite for the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). Short 2018 documentary about NASA produced for its 60th anniversaryīeginning in 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) began experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. Each is led by a Center Director (data below valid as of September 1, 2022).
The administration operates 10 major field centers with several managing additional subordinate facilities across the country. The MSD budget estimate includes funds for these HQ functions. 4.5 Cooperation with the Indian Space Research OrganisationĬenter-wide activities such as the Chief Engineer and Safety and Mission Assurance organizations are aligned to the headquarters function.4.2 Partnership with the United States Space Force.3.8 Study of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (2022–present).3.7.2 Involvement in current robotic missions.3.7.1 Near Earth Object Detection (1998–present).3.6 Human Spaceflight Research (2005–present).3.5.1 Nuclear in-space power and propulsion (ongoing).3.4.2 Next Generation Air Transportation System (2007–present).3.3.4 Launch Services Program (1990–present).3.3.3 Sounding Rocket Program (1959–present).3.3.2 Near Space Network (1983–present).3.3.1 Deep Space Network (1963–present).3.2.4 Earth Sciences Program Missions (1965–present).3.1.5 Commercial LEO Development (2021–present).3.1.3 Commercial Crew Program (2011–present).3.1.2 Commercial Resupply Services (2008–present).3.1.1 International Space Station (1993–present).NASA's science is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic spacecraft such as New Horizons and researching astrophysics topics, such as the Big Bang, through the Great Observatories and associated programs. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program, which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for uncrewed NASA launches. NASA supports the International Space Station and oversees the development of the Orion spacecraft, the Space Launch System, Commercial Crew vehicles, and the planned Lunar Gateway space station. Since its establishment, most American space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. space development effort a distinctly civilian orientation, emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), to give the U.S. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA / ˈ n æ s ə/) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
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